Cold Weather
Tips for staying safe:
Keep all your clothes dry, especially your socks.
Keep your chest warm.
Cover your neck with a scarf or other fabric.
Wear many layers instead of one large jacket. This helps prevent you from sweating underneath a large jacket which allows moisture to build up.
Hypothermia
This is when you get so cold that your body is not able to compensate. For most people this happens when your temperature is below 95ºF. If not treated quickly it can lead to serious problems, including death.
What to look out for:
Shivering, trouble speaking clearly, confusion, sleepiness.
When a person’s temperature drops this low, they might be too confused to seek help - because of this it is important that you watch out for friends and find them help if they need it.
What to do if you or a friend have developed hypothermia:
Move the person to a warmer place as soon as possible.
Take off any wet clothing and cover the person with any blankets or any fabric that you have available.
Provide them with warm fluids.
In general, you should call 911 or visit the ER. This is most important if symptoms do not begin to improve quickly or if the person passes out or starts to have trouble breathing.
Do not drink alcohol to warm up - this can worsen your confusion and make it difficult for you to seek help if things don’t improve.
Frostbite
This is when extreme cold damages any part of your body. This is most common with fingers and toes, especially if you are wearing wet shoes.
What to look out for:
Trouble moving the affected area, for example clumsy fingers or trouble walking.
Skin changes: Cold, numb, and white or gray discoloration.
Blisters or areas of black skin.
If you or a friend might have frostbite, see a doctor immediately
How to warm the affected body part on your way to the ER or while you wait for an ambulance.
Put it in warm (not hot) water.
Use body heat. For example, place your fingers under your armpit to warm them.
Do not rub or massage the affected skin.
If you are using a stove or fire to get warm, remember that the skin might be numb - DO NOT BURN YOURSELF.
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